Europa prepara la reactivación económica ante el retroceso de la pandemia

Internacional (EFE).- El retroceso de la epidemia de coronavirus en numerosos países, principalmente europeos, está permitiendo la reactivación del ocio y el turismo de cara al verano, mientras se estudian planes a más largo plazo para paliar la crisis económica causada por el parón de la actividad debido al confinamiento. Con ese fin Francia y Alemania anunciaron hoy su propuesta de implementar un primer fondo de 500.000 millones de euros destinados a los países más castigados por la pandemia..

Italia abre las playas 

En Italia, el primer país del mundo en declarar el confinamiento en todo su territorio por el coronavirus, las ciudades volvían hoy a la vida tras diez semanas de bloqueo, un cuarto de millón de contagios y 32.000 fallecidos.

Comercios, restaurantes, hoteles, peluquerías, museos y hasta las playas se sumaban a los lugares abiertos, pero siempre con medidas de seguridad, con carteles para que se entre por turnos, se use la mascarilla y se limpien las manos.

Desde hoy también han empezado a celebrarse misas con fieles, con toda una serie de medidas de seguridad y distancia. Una de las primeras ha sido la oficiada por el papa Francisco en la Basílica de San Pedro, cerrada desde el 10 de marzo, y que se ha abierto también para visitantes.

En Bérgamo, una de las ciudades más golpeadas por la pandemia, hoy se ha reabierto el aeropuerto, todo un símbolo.

El 3 de junio, Italia abrirá sus fronteras con los países de la Unión Europea sin necesidad de tener que guardar cuarentena y se permitirá el movimiento entre las diferentes regiones.

Alemania levantará la recomendación de no viajar al extranjero 

Alemania abrió hoy la puerta a la posibilidad de veranear en el extranjero a partir del 15 de junio. No obstante, según explicó el ministro de Exteriores, Heiko Maas, «está claro que no puede contarse con un rápido regreso a lo que era habitual», pues dependerá también de las restricciones que se mantengan en otros países y de la evolución de la pandemia.

Maas hizo esta declaración tras una reunión virtual con sus homólogos de diez países: España, Italia, Portugal, Croacia, Malta, Grecia, Austria, Bulgaria, Eslovenia y Chipre. Anunció un nuevo encuentro para dentro de quince días, donde se abordará la situación y medidas concretas a seguir.

Recordó que en muchos lugares de Europa la evolución es positiva, pero dentro de cada uno de esos países la situación es «muy diferenciada». Mencionó como ejemplos los casos de Barcelona o Madrid, que tuvieron durante semanas altos niveles de contagio y aún padecen fuertes restricciones, y la de Baleares, una región mucho menos dañada por el virus y donde la desescalada está más avanzada.

Macron dice que habrá temporada turística

El presidente de Francia, Emmanuel Macron, declaró hoy que «habrá una temporada turística en Europa» y tendrá que ser con el virus, pero se hará «lo máximo posible para que, a nivel europeo, las cosas vayan bien» por la salud de los turistas y del sector.

En este sentido, expresó sus dudas respecto a que la cuarentena decretada por España para los viajeros procedentes del extranjero sea «la medida más eficaz y realista» desde el punto de vista sanitario.

«España ha decidido imponer medidas de control reglamentarias, nosotros haremos lo recíproco, nada más“, dijo Macron en una rueda de prensa conjunta con la canciller alemana, Angela Merkel.

Recordó que hasta el 15 de junio permanecerán cerradas las fronteras para los viajeros de fuera de Europa y que, a partir de ese momento, será la evolución de la pandemia lo que determine su apertura o la prolongación de la clausura.

Pero para los movimientos de ciudadanos dentro del espacio Schengen, Macron abogó por «no reducir las libertades» y «mantener todos las mismas reglas», aunque su país aplicará la reciprocidad en el caso de que se tomen medidas unilaterales.

500.000 millones para la reconstrucción 

Más allá de las medidas para salvar el verano, el presidente francés y la canciller alemana anunciaron hoy que propondrán la creación de un fondo europeo de 500.000 millones de euros para la reconstrucción, a destinar a los países más castigados por la pandemia.

Merkel anunció esta propuesta como iniciativa conjunta del eje franco-alemán, al término de la reunión virtual con el presidente francés. Aseguró que esta es una respuesta a corto plazo a la que seguirá otra para afrontar las consecuencias a más largo plazo.

Reconoció que hay países de la Unión Europea más afectados que otros y alertó de que, por ello, las circunstancias actuales «ponen en peligro la unidad» de la UE.

El objetivo, insistió, es que de la crisis actual salga una Unión Europea «fuerte y unida» y añadió que el fondo propuesto este lunes es una cantidad inicial para contrarrestar las consecuencias de la pandemia en un primer momento, pero que su alcance será mayor.

La Comisión Europa (CE) dio inmediatamente «la bienvenida» al plan franco-alemán que, según su presidenta, Ursula von der Leyen, „reconoce el alcance y el tamaño del desafío económico“.

Añadió que la iniciativa de París y Berlín «va en la dirección» del plan de recuperación en el que trabaja el Ejecutivo comunitario y que tiene previsto presentar el 27 de mayo.

La CE está «convencida» de que la estrategia para la recuperación económica debe basarse en tres pilares.

El primero son las medidas «inmediatas» tomadas para permitir a los países apoyar sus economías, incluida la relajación de las normas sobre ayudas de Estado y la suspensión temporal de las reglas comunitarias sobre control del déficit y deuda públicos, así como el apoyo del Banco Central Europeo (BCE) y del Banco Europeo de Inversiones (BEI).

En un segundo grupo, figuran las medidas que los ministros de Economía y Finanzas han acordado en el Eurogrupo y que suponen 540.000 millones de euros en préstamos para apoyar a las empresas mediante un programa del BEI, los países a través de la línea de crédito del Mecanismo Europeo de Estabilidad y los trabajadores gracias al programa SURE, destinado a costear la aplicación de expedientes de regulación temporal de empleo (ERTE).

En un tercer bloque aparecen la nueva propuesta para el presupuesto europeo del periodo 2021-2027 y el instrumento de recuperación que Bruselas hará público el 27 de mayo.

El presidente del Consejo, el belga Charles Michel, afirmó, por su parte que «relanzar y transformar nuestras economías afectadas por la pandemia de COVID-19 es clave».

España prepara un plan para la economía circular 

La necesidad de aprovechar la reactivación de la economía para transformarla es lo que ha inspirado también el plan anunciado hoy por la ministra española para la Transición Ecológica, Teresa Ribera. Se trata de una estrategia para fomentar la economía circular a fin de situar las emisiones de gases invernadero por debajo de los 10 millones de toneladas y absorber parte del desempleo derivado de la pandemia.

Un plan, ha dicho la ministra, que exigirá movilizar inversiones para España de más de dos mil millones de euros y que propiciará la creación de puestos de trabajo «que no requieren de un elevado nivel de especialización», por lo que su puesta en marcha «podría contribuir con rapidez a absorber parte del desempleo generado por la crisis» del coronavirus.

El riesgo del contagio no ha desaparecido

Mientras, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha recordado hoy que no habrá riesgo cero en el periodo post-confinamiento y de que la mayoría de la población mundial sigue siendo susceptible a contraer el nuevo coronavirus (SARS CoV-2).

«La OMS respalda plenamente el deseo que tienen los países de volver a ponerse de pie, de poner manos a la obra. Precisamente porque queremos la recuperación mundial lo más rápido posible, instamos a los países a que sean cautelosos», declaró el director general de la OMS, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

Tedros inauguró hoy la asamblea anual de la organización, que se considera histórica por el contexto de pandemia en el que se realiza y que ha obligado a que se realice de forma virtual y abreviada: dos días con una agenda centrada en el coronavirus.

El responsable de la OMS reveló que los resultados de los estudios serológicos que se están realizando en decenas de países indican que sólo el 10 % de sus poblaciones tienen anticuerpos al virus (hasta 20 % en las regiones específicas donde el patógeno ha circulado intensamente).

El número de casos globales de COVID-19 alcanzó hoy los 4,6 millones, y América, la región más afectada, superó hoy la barrera de los 2 millones, según las últimas cifras de la Organización Mundial de la Salud publicadas hoy. Los fallecidos en todo el planeta son 311.847.

Tras el continente americano, Europa se sitúa como la segunda región más afectada, con 1,89 millones de casos, mientras que en tercer lugar se sitúa Oriente Medio con 338.000 contagios.

Las gráficas de casos diarios muestran que el coronavirus sólo ha remitido claramente en Europa y Asia Oriental-Pacifico y sigue expandiéndose en el resto del planeta, también en el sur de Asia y África, aunque en estas regiones las cifras absolutas son relativamente bajas.

Las estadísticas de la OMS sitúan como los países con mayor número de casos a Estados Unidos, Rusia, Reino Unido y Brasil, que superó por primera vez a España en el cuarto lugar.

Por LoPreciso

Revista informativa sobre el acontecer político, económico y social de República Dominicana y el mundo.

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